Obturation Part 2 – Quality of Root Filling – Lateral Canals – Open Apices

ABSTRACT
The primary objective of root canal treatment (RCT) is to eliminate or substantially reduce the microbial population within the root canal system followed by a three-dimensional obturation, which in turn is expected to maintain or restore the health of the periradicular tissues. The quality of the root canal filling is radiographically assessed by the parameters of its length, density and adaptation to the canal walls and is reported to have an essential impact on the prognosis of the RCT. Prevention of inadequate root canal fillings- overfilling, overextention, underfilling, voids within the filling mass- is inextricably linked to the ultimate goal of a three-dimensional obturation, which is confined within the root and ideally comprise ramifications such as the lateral canals. Up to date data sheds light on the influence lateral canals exert on the efficacy of RCT, while it establishes whether it is feasible to fill them with the existing technology. Last but not least, filling approaches of highly demanding cases, which lack apical constriction, such as open apices of immature permanent teeth and of teeth exhibiting apical root resorption are reviewed.